Analysis of Translation Teccniques in Product

English Text

Indonesian Text

Milk cleanser for taking care normal skin, contains  bengkuang extract and sunflower  extract for shiny and brighter looking skin. Cleanses dirt, oil and make up residue maximally. How to use: apply it on face and neck, make a slight message, wipe it off with cotton or tissue. Continue cleansing step with five face tonic bengkuang. Apply two cleansing step everyday to get clean face, well cared, shiny and brighter.

Susu pembersih untuk merawat kulit normal, mengandung ekstrak bengkuang dan ekstrak sunflower untuk kulit tampak lebih cerah berseri. Membersihkan wajah serta leher dari kotoran, minyak dan sisa make up dengan maksimal. Cara pakai : oleskan pada wajah dan leher sambil lakukan  message ringan, kemudian bersihkam dengan kapas atau tissue. Lanjutkan pembersihan dengan five face tonic bengkuang. Lakukan dua langkah pembersihan secara teratur setiap hari untuk mendapatkan wajah bersih, terawat dan cerah berseri.

Source : Taken from Packed of milk cleanser viva cosmetic bengkuang

Analysis of translation techniques.

1       Tsu : Milk cleanser for taking care normal skin, contains  bengkuang extract and sunflower  extract for shiny and brighter looking skin.

Tsa : Susu pembersih  untuk merawat kulit normal, mengandung ekstrak bengkuang dan ekstrak sunflower untuk kulit tampak lebih cerah berseri.

Analysis:

 In this sentence, the translator uses quadruplet translation techniques, such as:

a   Literal technique
           The translator translate word by word. It can be showed in first clause Tsu” Milk cleanser for taking care normal skin” which is translated in Tsa “Susu pembersih untuk merawat kulit normal”.

b  Borrowing technique
           We can see the using word in TSu” extract, sunflower, and bengkuang” which are translated with same words in TSa.

c Addition technique
            Translator add word in TSa”tampak” which is not given in TSu.

d Adaptation technique
            The translator translate “contains” by using word” mengandung” . it showed that the translator  use adaptation techniques because he or she didn’t use word” berisi” to translate it.

2  TSu : Cleanses dirt, oil and make up residue maximally.
    TSa : Membersihkan wajah serta leher dari kotoran, minyak dan sisa make up dengan maksimal.
        The second sentence the translator use duplet translation techniques, such as ;

a.       Addition technique

The translator use addition technique because he or she add word” wajah serta leher” which are not given in TSu.

b.      Literal technique

Translator translates word by word in TSa” minyak dan sisa make up dengan maksimal to translate TSu” oil and make up residue maximally”

3       Tsu : How to use: apply it on face and neck, make a slight message, wipe  it off with cotton or tissue

TSa : Cara pakai : oleskan pada wajah dan leher sambil lakukan  message ringan, kemudian bersihkam dengan kapas atau tissue.

Here, the translator use triplet translation techniques, such as ;

a.       Adaptation technique

The translator use word” oleskan” to translate “apply”. He or she didn’t translate directly by using word” gunakan” because it didn’t appropriate.

b.      Addition technique

The translator add” sambil lakukan” and also “ kemudian” in TSa which are not given in TSu.  
c. Words Borrowing technique

The translator use same word to translate”message” and “tissue” in both TSu and TSa

4..      TSu: Continue cleansing step with five face tonic bengkuang.

TSa: Lanjutkan pembersihan dengan five face tonic bengkuang.

In this sentence, the translator use literal technique because he or she translate word by word.

5..      TSu: Apply two cleansing step everyday to get clean face, well cared, shiny and brighter.

TSa: Lakukan dua langkah pembersihan secara teratur setiap hari untuk mendapatkan wajah bersih, terawat dan cerah berseri.

In that sentence, the translator use duplet translation technique, such as:

a.       Adaptation technique

The translator uses word”lakukan” in TSa to translate “apply” in TSu. And also translate”cerah berseri” to translate “ shiny and brighter”. It showed that the translator use the most appropriate word in TSa to translate TSu.

b.      Addition technique

The translator adds word” secara teratur” in TSa which is not given in TSu.

Essay of Translation Procedures

Essay of Translation Procedures

           Well, this is my occasion to make short essay about Translation Procedures, Strategies and Methods .

           As we know , the purpose of translation is to reproduce various kinds of texts in another language and thus making them available to wider readers.

          There are many translators in our surrounding, however  they have their  own way how to translate texts. One of translator is Nida (1964). She told us about  two types of translation procedures, they are technical and  organizational procedures. She said that there are three techniques  to  translate( called Technical Procedures) such as:  first, analysis of the source and target languages. Second, through study of the source language text before making attempts translate it. The last is making judgments of the semantic and syntactic approximations. (pp. 241-45). In this way, we more focus on what the translator has to do before translating.

          Furthermore,  her opinion about organizational procedures are constant reevaluation of the attempt made; contrasting it with the existing available translations of the same text done by other translators, and checking the text's communicative effectiveness by asking the target language readers to evaluate its accuracy and effectiveness and studying their reactions (pp. 246-47). In this case, we focus on not only one  the translator but also the other translators to compare the result of translation.

         The other translator is Krings (1986:18) defines translation strategy as "translator's potentially conscious plans for solving concrete translation problems in the framework of a concrete translation task," and Seguinot (1989) said that there are at least three global strategies employed by the translators: (i) translating without interruption for as long as possible; (ii) correcting surface errors immediately; (iii) leaving the monitoring for qualitative or stylistic errors in the text to the revision stage.

         Furthermore, Loescher (1991:8) defines translation strategy as "a potentially conscious procedure for solving a problem faced in translating a text, or any segment of it . Then Cohen (1998:4) asserts that "the element of consciousness is what distinguishes strategies from these processes that are not strategic."

         Moreover, Bell (1998:188) differentiates between global  and local strategies and confirms that this distinction results from various kinds of translation problems. The others opinion about translation procedures  is told by Venuti (1998:240) and Jaaskelainen (1999:7 and 2005)

         The other opinion is from Newmark (1988b) mentions the difference between translation methods and translation procedures. He writes that, "[w]hile translation methods relate to whole texts, translation procedures are used for sentences and the smaller units of language" (p.81). He divided methods of translation such as :Word-for-word translation, Literal translation, Faithful translation, Semantic translation, Adaptation, Free translation, Idiomatic translation, Communicative translation

. 

 2.1. Procedures of translating culture-specific concepts (CSCs)

          Graedler (2000:3) puts forth some procedures of translating CSCs:  first, Making up a new word. Second explaining the meaning of the SL expression in lieu of translating it. Third, Preserving the SL term intact. The last, Opting for a word in the TL which seems similar to or has the same "relevance" as the SL term.

          Defining culture-bound terms (CBTs) as the terms which "refer to concepts, institutions and personnel which are specific to the SL culture" (p.2), Harvey (2000:2-6) puts forward the following four major techniques for translating CBTs: Functional Equivalence, Formal Equivalence or 'linguistic equivalence, Transcription or 'borrowing' , and Descriptive or self-explanatory translation.

There  are different translation procedures that Newmark (1988b)proposes:Transference,Naturalization, Cultural equivalent, Functional equivalent, Descriptive equivalent: , Componential analysis, Synonymy, Through-translation, Shifts or transpositions, Modulation, Recognized translation, Compensation, Paraphrase, Couplets and Notes

         That’s alli know about translator procedures. It’s very important to translator to check and understand the source text first before translating it.

Translation Analysis of text

TRANSLATION2  ANALYSIS

TSu:     The first Indonesian youth congress was held in Batavia, capital of the then-Dutch East Indies in 1926, but produced no formal decisions but did promote the idea of a united Indonesia.

TSa:     Kongres Pemuda Indonesia pertama yang diadakan di Batavia, ibukota Hindia-Belanda pada tahun 1926. Kongres ini tidak menghasilkan keputusan resmi tetapi hanya mempromosikan ide negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia.

Analysis

In this sentence the translator used triplet technique because he used three techniques. First, he used literal technique to the first clause (the first Indonesia youth congress was held in Batavia) to be “Kongres Pemuda Indonesia pertama yang diadakan di Batavia”. It translate naturally without change anything. The second, he used addition techniques by adding word “kongres ini” and changed it be a new sentence in TSa. Besides that, he added word “Republik” which is not given in source text. Third, he used reduction technique, he reduced some words in this sentence, they are; “the” in the beginning of the sentence, “of” in the phrase “capital of” become “ ibukota” not “ibukota dari”, “did” in phrase “did promote” become “mempromosikan”, “the”, “of” and “a” in “the idea of a united Indonesia” become “Negara kesatuan republik indonesia. He didn’t translate “a” become “sebuah”.

TSu:     In October 1928, the second Indonesian youth congress was held at three different locations.

TSa:     Dua tahun kemudian tepatnya pada bulan Oktober 1928, diadakanlah kongres pemuda Indonesia kedua yang dilaksanakan di tiga lokasi yang berbeda.

Analysis

In the next sentence, the translator used  addition technique by adding some new words or phrase “Dua tahun kemudian tepatnya” and a word ”bulan” in the beginning of the sentence,”. Besides that, adding word ”diadakanlah” And also “yang” in the last clause.

TSu:     In the first session, the hope was expressed that the congress would inspire the feeling of unity.

TSa:     Pada sesi pertama, terungkaplah harapan bahwa kongres itu sebaiknya menginspirasi rasa persatuan.

Analysis

         In this sentence, the translator used triplet technique. They are literal, addition and modulation. Literal technique is used in translating “in the first session” become “pada sesi pertama”. Then addition technique, the translator added a word “terungkaplah”. The last is compensation technique; he translated “would” become “sebaiknya” not “akan” because the translator attempted to use appropriate meaning at that sentences.

 TSu:     The second session saw discussions about educational issues.

TSa:     Pada sesi kedua diadakan diskusi tentang isu-isu pendidikan,

Analysis 
        In that sentence the translator used compensation in kind technique. The meaning of “saw” the past participle form of “see” couldn’t be explained specifically. Besides that , in the same word ”saw” the translator also used compensation technique because it means “melihat” but in this case that word is translated to be “diadakan”.

TSu:     In the third and final session, held at Jalan Kramat Raya No, 126, on October 28 participants heard the future Indonesian national anthem Indonesia Raya by Wage Rudolf Supratman.

TSa:    Sedangkan pada sesi ketiga dan sebagai sesi terakhir, yang diadakan di Jalan Kramat Raya No, 126, pada tanggal 28 Oktober, semua peserta mendengarkanlagu kebangsaan Indonesia “Indonesia Raya”, lagu kebangsaan masa depan Indonesia pada saat, yang diciptakan oleh Wage Rudolf Supratman.

Analysis 
                       The next sentence is translated by using addition technique; he added a word “sedangkan” in the beginning of sentence. Then he or she also added “diciptakan” in the last sentence.

TSu:     The congress closed with a reading of the youth pledge.

TSa:     Kongres ditutup dengan pembacaan Sumpah Pemuda.

Analysis 

This text is translated by using literal and reduction technique. It used literal technique because it is translated word by word based on the meaning. And also it used reduction technique because the translator reduced some words “the”, “a”, “of”, and “the”. They didn’t translate that words.

TSu:     Youth Pledge

TSa:     Sumpah Pemuda

The text is translated by literal because it is translate word by word.

TSu:     Firstly
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one motherland, Indonesia.

TSa:     Pertama
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah air Indonesia.

In the that text, the translator used transposition technique in the phrase ‘sons and daughters” was changed from plural to singular become “poetra and poetri”.it also used addition technique because the translator added the word “yang” in “mengakoe bertumpah darah jang satoe” that is not exist in ST(TSu).

TSu:     Secondly
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one nation, the nation of Indonesia.

TSa:     Kedoea
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia.

This text is translated by transposition technique in the phrase “sons and daughters” were changed from plural to singular in TT(Tsa) “poetra and poetri”. Then, it used addition technique because the translator added the word “yang” in “mengakoe berbangsa yang satoe” that isn’t given in ST(TSu). The translator also used reduction in translating the last phrase. He or she reduces the word “the” and “of” in “the nation of Indonesia” become “bangsa indonesia”.

ST:     Thirdly
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, uphold the language of unity, Indonesian

TT:       Ketiga
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia.

In this text, the translator used reduction technique by reducing the word “the”, and also “of”. This sentence also used transposition technique in the phrase “sons and daughters” was changed from plural to singular in TT(Tsa) “poetera and poeteri”.